Integrative Model of Tawakal and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

A Conceptual Study for the Development of Islamic Psychotherapy

Abstract

This paper aims to formulate an integrative conceptual model that synthesizes the concept of tawakal in Islamic psychology with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a contemporary psychotherapeutic approach. The study is motivated by the growing need for therapeutic frameworks that are not only psychologically effective but also aligned with the spiritual and religious values of Muslim clients, as conventional psychological interventions often overlook transcendental dimensions of human experience. Using a qualitative library research design, this study employs thematic content analysis and comparative analysis of classical Islamic psychological literature and ACT theoretical frameworks. The findings reveal significant conceptual convergence between tawakal and ACT, particularly in the domains of acceptance of reality, regulation of thoughts and emotions, and engagement in values-based actions. However, fundamental differences emerge in their epistemological foundations: ACT is grounded in secular humanistic psychology, whereas tawakal is rooted in Islamic theistic worldview. This integration offers a holistic therapeutic framework that promotes both psychological flexibility and spiritual tranquillity. The model provides theoretical contributions to the integration of Western and Islamic psychology and offers practical implications for developing culturally and spiritually responsive mental health interventions within Muslim communities.